WHAT I LEARNED...
I learned the meaning of Bacteria and its types like Bacilli, Cocci. Spirillum, Vibrio, Spirochete. I also learned the Gram-Positive Bacteia and Gram-Negative Bacteria. I also found out that these bacteria can cause a lot of diseases.
WHAT I DID...
I searched and studied some information about these bacteria to gain nwe information or knowledge.
I CAN APPLY MY LEARNINGS TO...
I can apply the things I learned in doing my Investigatory Project.
Thursday, 21 August 2014
D) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
GRAM-POSITIVE
BACTERIA
Gram-positive bacteria are a class of bacteria that take up the crystal
violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial
differentiation. The thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall that
encases their cell membrane retains the stain, making definitive
identification possible.
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Gram-negative
bacteria cannot retain the violet stain after the decolorization step;
alcohol used in the decolorization process degrades the outer membrane
of gram-negative cells making the cell wall more porous and incapable of
retaining the crystal violet stain. Their peptidoglycan layer is much
thinner and sandwiched between an inner cell membrane and a bacterial
outer membrane, causing them to take up the counterstain (safranin or
fuchsine) and appear red or pink.
C) DISEASE CAUSED BY THESE BACTERIA
COCCI
- It causes strep throat, some skin diseases and pneumonia, among many others. They can also cause gonorrhea, meningitis, and skin lesions.
BACILLUS
- Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped bacteria that normally lives in your intestinal tract without causing disease. However, a few strains of E. coli do cause disease that's spread typically by eating or drinking contaminated food or water; a typical symptom is diarrhea. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, another rod-shaped bacterium, infects the respiratory tract and causes diphtheria. Diphtheria causes a thick coating on the back of the nose and throat, making it difficult to swallow or breathe, followed by swelling of the neck and potentially death. Bacillus anthracis is the bacteria that cause anthrax. This rod-shaped bacterium grows in long chains and can infect you through broken skin, ingestion or inhalation.
SPIRILLUM
- Rat-Bite fever is one disease caused by spirilla minus (the minus doesn't really mean that much) my source is the CDC spirilla is split into sub groups like: treponema pallida, that causes syphilis Borrelia burgdorferi, that causes lyme disease my source is Milady's Standard Cosmetology
VIBRIOS
- They typically live in aquatic environments. Vibrio cholera moves in a darting motion by a single flagellum, a whiplike structure, and is the bacteria that causes cholera. Cholera is an intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration, typically transmitted by drinking contaminated water. It is a very serious disease that can lead to death if not treated promptly.
SPIROCHAETE
- Two well-known spirochetes that cause disease in humans are Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi. Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Infection typically begins as a single sore at the site of infection. Additional lesions or rashes can develop elsewhere on the body if left untreated. Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick and causes Lyme disease. Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi causes a typical "bull's-eye" rash. If left untreated, it can affect your heart and nervous system and cause arthritis.
- It causes strep throat, some skin diseases and pneumonia, among many others. They can also cause gonorrhea, meningitis, and skin lesions.
BACILLUS
- Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped bacteria that normally lives in your intestinal tract without causing disease. However, a few strains of E. coli do cause disease that's spread typically by eating or drinking contaminated food or water; a typical symptom is diarrhea. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, another rod-shaped bacterium, infects the respiratory tract and causes diphtheria. Diphtheria causes a thick coating on the back of the nose and throat, making it difficult to swallow or breathe, followed by swelling of the neck and potentially death. Bacillus anthracis is the bacteria that cause anthrax. This rod-shaped bacterium grows in long chains and can infect you through broken skin, ingestion or inhalation.
SPIRILLUM
- Rat-Bite fever is one disease caused by spirilla minus (the minus doesn't really mean that much) my source is the CDC spirilla is split into sub groups like: treponema pallida, that causes syphilis Borrelia burgdorferi, that causes lyme disease my source is Milady's Standard Cosmetology
VIBRIOS
- They typically live in aquatic environments. Vibrio cholera moves in a darting motion by a single flagellum, a whiplike structure, and is the bacteria that causes cholera. Cholera is an intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration, typically transmitted by drinking contaminated water. It is a very serious disease that can lead to death if not treated promptly.
SPIROCHAETE
- Two well-known spirochetes that cause disease in humans are Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi. Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Infection typically begins as a single sore at the site of infection. Additional lesions or rashes can develop elsewhere on the body if left untreated. Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick and causes Lyme disease. Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi causes a typical "bull's-eye" rash. If left untreated, it can affect your heart and nervous system and cause arthritis.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF BACTERIA AND THEIR GRAM-STAIN
COCCI
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of organisms defined by their morphological appearance and their inability to grow in the presence of oxygen; most clinical isolates are identified to species in the genus Peptostreptococcus.
Gram-positive,
rod-shaped (bacillus), bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes.
Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes (oxygen reliant), or
facultative anaerobes (having the ability to be aerobic or anaerobic).
They will test positive for the enzyme catalase when there has been
oxygen used or present.
VIBROUS
SPIROCHAETE
Spirochates (singular Spirochaete) are long helically coiled bacterium. They are not classified as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Spirochaetes are distinguished from other bacterial phyla by the location of their flagella, sometimes called axial filaments, which run lengthwise between the bacterial inner membrane and outer membrane in periplasmic space. These cause a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move about. When reproducing, a spirochaete will undergo asexual transverse binary fission.
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of organisms defined by their morphological appearance and their inability to grow in the presence of oxygen; most clinical isolates are identified to species in the genus Peptostreptococcus.
BACILLUS
SPIRILLUM
Gram-negative
bacteria (family Spirillaceae).There are two species, Spirillum
volutans and Spirillum winogradskyi.The taxonomic position of Spirillum
minus and Spirillum pulli is uncertain. Spirillum minus is associated
with rat-bite fever, and Borrelia burgdorferi with Lyme disease
Gram-negative
bacteria possessing a curved rod shape (comma shape), several species
of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating
undercooked seafood. Typically found in saltwater, Vibrio spp. are
facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form
spores.
SPIROCHAETE
Spirochates (singular Spirochaete) are long helically coiled bacterium. They are not classified as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Spirochaetes are distinguished from other bacterial phyla by the location of their flagella, sometimes called axial filaments, which run lengthwise between the bacterial inner membrane and outer membrane in periplasmic space. These cause a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move about. When reproducing, a spirochaete will undergo asexual transverse binary fission.
A) WHAT IS BACTERIA?
Bacteria
are single celled microbes. The cell structure is simpler than that of other organisms as there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Instead their control centre containing the genetic information is contained in a single loop of DNA. Some bacteria have an extra circle of genetic material called a plasmid. The plasmid often contains genes that give the bacterium some advantage over other bacteria. For example it may contain a gene that makes the bacterium resistant to a certain antibiotic.
are single celled microbes. The cell structure is simpler than that of other organisms as there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Instead their control centre containing the genetic information is contained in a single loop of DNA. Some bacteria have an extra circle of genetic material called a plasmid. The plasmid often contains genes that give the bacterium some advantage over other bacteria. For example it may contain a gene that makes the bacterium resistant to a certain antibiotic.
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